41) Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?
A) Case studies produce a more detailed picture of an individual than do other methods.
B) The observer may have biases that influence which facts are observed and which are ignored.
C) An individual case may not be representative of others.
D) Information is often missing or hard to interpret.
42) The case of Genie illustrated that:
A) autistic children often have cold, rejecting mothers.
B) there is an early critical period for language development.
C) early severe deprivation can be overcome with later therapy.
D) language acquisition is possible even if it is delayed until adolescence.
43) In the 1970s, a 13-year-old girl was found locked up in a room, strapped to a potty chair. Since she had grown up in a world without human speech, researchers studied Genie’s ability to acquire words, grammar, and pronunciation. This type of research is called a:
A) representative sample.
B) naturalistic observation.
C) case study.
D) single-blind study.
44) In the 1970s, Genie’s difficulty acquiring words, grammar, and pronunciation led researchers to conclude that:
A) Genie’s linguistic deficits can be generalized to other abused children.
B) Genie had suffered brain damage in the birth process.
C) language depends on nurture rather than nature.
D) a critical period exists for language development.
45) ________ are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses.
A) Single-blind studies
B) Case studies
C) Double-blind studies
D) Field research studies
46) Dr. Olson wants to know whether or not the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language. She decides to study children who have been deprived of human language. The appropriate method to use to explore this issue would be a/an:
A) case study.
B) observational study.
C) survey.
D) experiment.
47) On the basis of case study research, psychoanalyst Bruno Bettelheim wrote that autism in children is caused by cold and rejecting mothers. Thousands of women blamed themselves for lacking warmth. The example is described in order to:
A) demonstrate that nurture is more important than nature in psychological problems such as autism.
B) illustrate the importance of motherhood so that other children don’t suffer this type of tragedy.
C) illustrate that drawing conclusions solely on the basis of case studies can have disastrous results.
D) demonstrate that case studies are able to establish causal connections in some clinical cases.
48) A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?
A) the math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of Canadian students
B) the development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis
C) physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies
D) the ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls
49) Over a period of 55 years, a British woman sniffed large amounts of cocaine, which she obtained legally under British regulations for the treatment of addicts. She appeared to show no negative effects, other than drug dependence. What does this case tell us about the dangers/safety of cocaine?
A) It is safe when legally regulated.
B) Not much.
C) It is dangerous because it causes dependence.
D) It should be legalized in Canada.
50) Which of the following is NOT a descriptive method?
A) tests
B) case studies
C) surveys
D) correlation