1. Rigor related to scientific investigation refers, amongst others, to:
a. The probability that our estimations are correct.
b. The idea that a simple model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model.
c. The fact that findings are generalizable.
d. The fact that a study has a good theoretical base.
2. Confidence, as a characteristic of scientific investigation, refers to:
a. The probability that our estimations are correct.
b. The idea that a simple model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model.
c. The fact that findings are generalizable.
d. The fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical foundation.
3. Scientific investigation is characterized by a good theoretical base and a sound methodological design. These characteristics are both related to the of the investigation.
a. Rigor.
b. Precision and confidence.
c. Objectivity.
d. Parsimony.
4. An inductive investigation starts with an observation of empirical data.
a. T
b. F
5. A deductive investigation is based on theoretically logical reasoning.
a. T
b. F
6. Parsimony refers to:
a. The probability that our estimations are correct.
b. The idea that a simple model explaining a certain phenomenon is preferred to a complex model.
c. The fact that findings are generalizable.
d. The fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical base.
7. As in the hypothetico-deductive studies, hypotheses can be developed in case studies as well.
a. T
b. F
8. Case studies are usually qualitative in nature.
a. T
b. F
9. In the hypothetico-deductive method the formulation, foundation and testing of hypotheses play an important role.
a. T
b. F
10. Deduction is the process of drawing conclusions based on (an interpretation of) the results of data-analysis.
a. T
b. F
11. Confidencerefers to the closeness of the findings to reality based on a sample.
a. T
b. F
12. It is not always possible to meet all the hallmarks of science in full. Comparability, consistency, and wide generalizability are often difficult to obtain in research.
a. T
b. F